![]() ![]() 2001 27:181-924).įormulators should take time to compare different excipients and binders during product development to ensure maximum production value and bioavailability of actives. ![]() ![]() For direct compression, studies suggest highly compactable, plastic, fine particle size binders facilitate compression of drugs at relatively low filler-to-drug ratios, therefore representing ideal properties for tablet binders ( Drug Dev Ind Pharm. ![]() These polymers differ in their physico-chemical, mechanical and morphological characteristics. There are many excipients used as binders in the direct compression these include hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), methylcellulose (MC), povidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and starches and their derivatives, such as pregelatinized and granulated starches. Excessive uptake of moisture (greater than 5 percent) or high moisture content can lead to instability and sticking during production. A further requirement for a good binder is low hygroscopicity. To reduce friability, a binder with highly plastic properties (high deformability) is essential. Uniform binder distribution in the tablet results in decreased pore structure and subsequent enhancement in tablet crushing strength. Small particle size facilitates even distribution of the binder through the inter-particulate void spaces in a tablet. The challenge of achieving desirable tablet mechanical properties, such as tablet strength and friability from a poorly compressible high-dose active, can be overcome by selection of an appropriate tablet binder.Īn ideal binder should have good binding properties, as determined by compressibility under pressure, high plasticity, low elasticity and small particle size. In this regard, direct compression presents a challenge for many poorly compressible nutraceutical actives. However, the inherent compactibility of raw materials becomes more important in direct compression. Reducing the number of unit operations requires less time and energy consumption, and allows for cost advantages both from an operational and capital investment point of view. nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry are made by direct compression.ĭirect compression requires only blending and compression. Today, approximately 50 percent of tablets made in the U.S. Traditionally, tablets have been manufactured by wet granulation followed by drying, sizing, blending/ lubrication and compression of the final granulation. This effect could help in improving tablet manufacturing conditions (e.g., compression force and speed).Tablets account for approximately 70 percent of all dosage forms sold in the United States, according to Business Communications Co. These results show that hydroxypropylcellulose, a thermoplastic polymer, provides the best physical characteristics for the tablets. The tablets that contained other binders failed by capping and random cracking in the middle. The ejection force of tablets decreased with increasing concentrations of hydroxypropylcellulose in the dosage forms. The tablets that contained hydroxypropylcellulose as a binder showed the highest toughness and had the lowest ejection force. The acetaminophen tablets with the binders were subjected to predetermined loads and then examined under a scanning electron microscope. The microbehavior of these binders was also studied. The toughness was measured as the curve of the area under the load versus deflection. The properties of binders and acetaminophen tablets were determined using a diametral compression test. A rotary tablet press was used for tableting at three different speeds. Evaluation was conducted using acetaminophen tablets with different kinds of binders (i.e., hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, povidone, starch, etc.). The characteristic of binder toughness was determined, and the correlation between the ejection force of the tablet and the toughness of the binder was established. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of binder toughness and plastic flow on tablet hardness, friability, and capping. For solid dosage forms, a better understanding of the fundamental properties of the binders helps in developing better formulations and products. ![]()
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